常用英语词典之家庭、朋友和周围的人

子话题(一)　相关人员

1.家人

①grandparents n. 祖父母，外祖父母

②grandfather n. 爷爷，外公

③grandmother n. 奶奶，外婆

④grandchild n. (外)孙子或孙女

⑤grandson n. 孙子，外孙

⑥granddaughter n. (外)孙女

⑦stepfather n. 继父

⑧stepmother n. 继母

⑨father­in­law n. 岳父;公公

⑩mother­in­law n. 岳母;婆婆

brother­in­law n. 姐(妹)夫;小叔;大伯

sister­in­law n. 嫂子，弟媳

daughter­in­law n. 儿媳

uncle n. 叔;伯;舅;姑父;姨父

aunt n. 婶;伯母;舅妈;姑妈;姨

nephew n. 侄子，外甥

niece n. 侄女，外甥女

cousin n. 堂(表)兄弟，堂(表)姐妹

housewife n. 家庭主妇

couple n. 夫妇，一对

host n. 主人;节目主持人

hostess n. 女主人

bride n. 新娘

bridegroom n. 新郎

twin n. 双胞胎

2.朋友和周围的人

①relative n. 亲属，亲戚

②partner n. 伙伴;同伴

③fellow n. 同伴;伙伴

④monitor n. 班长

⑤pen­pal n. 笔友

⑥net­pal n. 网友

⑦stranger n. 陌生人

⑧director n. 主任

⑨headteacher n. 班主任;中小学校长

⑩headmaster n. (中小学)校长

neighbour n. 邻居，邻人

villager n. 村民

roommate n. 室友，舍友

⑭acquaintance n. 熟人;相识

elder n. 长辈;老人;父辈

senior n. 年长者;高年级生

junior n. 年幼者;低年级生

adult n. 成年人

teenager n. 青少年

middle age n. 中年

companion n. 同伴;同事;伴侣

colleague n. 同事，同僚

president n. 总统;董事长;大学校长

chairman n. 主席

manager n. 经理

子话题(二)　人际关系

1.和谐的人际关系

①harmony n.　　　　　　　　和睦，和谐

②harmonious adj. 和谐的

③friendly adj. 友好的

④considerate adj. 体贴的

⑤admirable adj. 值得赞赏的，可钦佩的

⑥respectful adj. 恭敬的，有礼貌的

⑦consult vt. 请教;商量

⑧appreciate vt. 欣赏;感激

⑨associate vt. 使联合

⑩respect vt.& n. 尊重

understand vt. 理解;领会

understanding n. 理解

accompany vt. 陪同，陪伴

share vt. 分享，共同使用

cooperate vi. 合作

forgive vt. 原谅

congratulate vt. 祝贺

congratulation n. 祝贺

enthusiastic adj. 热情的

precious adj. 珍贵的

grateful adj. 感激的

sincere adj. 真诚的

conscience n. 良心;良知

merciful adj. 宽大的;仁慈的

modest adj. 谦虚的;谦逊的

reliable adj. 可信赖的

patient adj. 有耐心的

trust vt. 相信;信任

promote vt. 促进;提升

make up 和解

communicate with 与……交流

be ready to help others 乐于助人

be concerned for/about 对……担心/关心

share ...with ... 与……分享……

depend/rely on 依靠，相信，信赖

have ...in common 有共同之处

fit in with 与……相适应/相融洽

get on/along well with sb. 与某人相处融洽

be in harmony with ... 与……和谐相处/协调

be on good terms with sb. 与某人关系好

2.不和谐的人际关系

①fight n.& vi. 打架;打斗

②quarrel n.& vi. 争吵;吵架

③conflict n. 冲突

④tolerance n. 忍受

⑤barrier n. 屏障，障碍

⑥friction n. 摩擦

⑦prejudice n. 偏见，成见

⑧tension n. 紧张局势

⑨abandon vt. 抛弃，舍弃，放弃

⑩abuse vt. 虐待;辱骂;滥用

porce vt. 离婚

condemn vt. 谴责，指责，宣判

blame vt. 责备，指责

complain vt.& vi. 抱怨

embarrass vt. 使尴尬

misunderstand vt. 误会;误解

bother vt. 打扰;麻烦

break up 分手;解散;结束

be bored with 厌烦

be fed up with 受够了

be to blame 应受责备

have words with 与……发生口角

1.I didnt realize the importance of cooperating with others until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school.

直到上高中我被选为班长时我才意识到与他人合作的重要性。

2.Just as the saying goes, “One tree doesnt make a forest”， our success is based on cooperating with others.

正如谚语所言：“独木难成林”，我们的成功是建立在与他人合作的基础上的。

3.We should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoying a harmonious life.

我们应当彼此友善，这对于享受和谐的生活是绝对必要的。

4.With friendship, life is happy and harmonious. Without friendship, life is hostile and unfortunate.

拥有友谊，生活就会快乐又和谐;没有友谊，生活就会充满敌意与不幸。

5.As far as Im concerned, to build a good relationship, we should trust each other first.

就我个人而言，要建立良好的关系，我们首先应该彼此信任。

6.As is known to us all, children spend less time having heart­to­heart talks with their parents when they grow older.

众所周知，当孩子们长大的时候，他们与他们的父母进行知心交谈的时间更少了。

7.As we all know, making friends can help us establish good interpersonal relationships, and build a harmonious society.

众所周知，交友有助于我们建立良好的人际关系，也有利于构建和谐社会。

8.It was your help and kindness that made my study and life in the UK special and enjoyable.

正是你的帮助和热心让我在英国的学习和生活既特别又快乐。

9.I hope we can stay in touch with each other so that we can communicate with each other to know more about the Chinese and British culture.

我希望我们之间能相互保持联系，这样我们就可以相互交流，从而了解更多的中国和英国的文化。

10.Therefore, we should keep calm no matter what happens in the future. Only in this way can we deal with things correctly and maintain our friendship.

因此，不管将来发生什么事情我们都应该保持冷静，只有用这种方式我们才能恰当地处理问题并维护好我们的友谊。

(2016·邢台高三模拟)“言语能够伤人”，请结合生活中的事例说明这一观点。词数：100左右。

[范文必背]

My deskmate admires my fluent English very much and I usually feel encouraged by his compliments.

One day, when we learned the new word “eccentric” in class, we were asked to make a sentence with it. I volunteered to do it by saying “My deskmate is an eccentric boy whose clothes never fit him.” ①Hearing this, the whole class burst into laughter and my deskmate’s face turned red. After class, I learned from the teacher that my deskmate would have dropped out of school if he hadn’t been helped by others. My mindless words must have hurt him deeply.

②Not until then did I realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways. We should avoid hurting others when we speak.

[佳句演练]

(1)写出句①的同义句

The_moment_they_heard_this,_the whole class burst_out_laughing and my deskmate’s face turned red.

(2)用强调句式改写句②(强调时间状语)

It_was_not_until_then_that I realized words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways.